The first postgraduate examination in Medicine and Pathology was held in 1918. The Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University and associated King George's Hospital were formally transferred under the Lucknow University in 1921, on the establishment of the University of Lucknow and the campus had the privilege of hosting the first convocation of the University on 30th October, 1922. In the year 1931, great need was felt of a women's hospital. The Queen Mary's Hospital across the Shahmina Road was built and formally inaugurated on 4th November 1932 with a bed strength of 52. In 1951, a 3 storied building called Gandhi Memorial Hospital was constructed for medical cases with a bed strength of 144. It was at this stage that the name King George's Hospital was changed to Gandhi Memorial & Associated Hospitals. In 1955 another block housing the Children's Hospital was added. Yet another block was built for the Surgery department. The Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, E.N.T. and Anesthesia were also created in the fifties. The speciality departments of Neurology, Cardiology, Psychiatry and Plastic Surgery came up in the seventies. The surgical superspeciality departments of Urology, Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery and Surgical Oncology were carved out from the Department of Surgery in 1998.

During the years 1981 to 1992 the college and hospital were taken over by the State Government and all administrative control was through the State Government instead of Lucknow University. However, this situation again reverted back in

In 1956, this hospital had the distinction of being selected by the Rockefeller Foundation for setting up a Residency Training Programme and funds were obtained for a 5 storied Residents' Hostel. The programme has run successfully here and has been emulated in all the medical colleges of the state. In the 1980's the college was selected as a site for establishment of a Clinical Epidemiology Unit by the International Clinical Epidemiology Network. In 1991, the Unit was formally inaugurated and since has been upgraded as the KGMC Institute of Clinical Epidemiology (KGMCICE).
A major milestone in the history of this institution is its conversion and upgradation as the Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University. This came about by an act passed on the 16th September 2002 by the Government of Uttar Pradesh under Chief Minister Sushree Mayawati. This is the only medical university in the north and one of 3 such universities in the country. Substantial funds were earmarked for the new university. The 1st Vice Chancellor of this university was Prof KM Singh, followed in May 2003 by the appointment of Padmshri Prof Mahendra Bhandari on this post. In December 2003, on the request of alumni and teachers, its historical name was restored and the new university came to be known as the King George Medical University. However, in 2007, with the return of Sushree Mayawati as Chief Minister, the institution's name was again changed to Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University.

Dental education at the King George's Medical College started initially as a Dentistry Wing of the Department of Surgery in 1949. The BDS course was also started in the same year, with a teaching staff of a reader, a lecturer, a senior demonstrator and 10 students. In 1951, it became a separate Department of Dentistry in a new Dental Hospital (now called the old dental college building) with Prof TN Chawla as Head of Department. In 1980, the Department was upgraded to a separate Faculty of Dental Sciences with 7 departments. A post of Dean of Dental Faculty was created which rotates amongst the professors at an interval of 3 years. With the growing need of floor area for each speciality, another building across the Shahmina Road next to Queen Mary's Hospital was built and fully commissioned in the year 1986. The present Dean is Dr Suresh Chandra and previous deans have been Prof TN Chawla, Prof NK Agarwal, Prof DS Gupta, Prof CP Govila, Prof KK Kapoor, Prof Satish Chandra and Prof DN Kapoor. In late 2003, upgradation of the Dental College into a new separate university was approved by the state government. This new dental university was known as The UP King George University of Dental Sciences. Prof CP Govila was appointed as the first Vice Chancellor. However, in 2007, under Chief Minister Mayawati, the Dental University was reverted back to the Faculty of Dental Sciences under the Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University.